Asian American Culture And History - 1707 Words

One of the most prevalent issue in today’s world is racism. The prejudice and racism against Asian Americans seems to never end. Either it’s a nasty side remark about one’s looks or a judgment about one’s personality and abilities. In high school, one of my best friends was Vietnamese and I remember her going through quite a bit of problems. She was most definitely stereotyped and was supposed to be good at math and science, when in truth, she was horrible at both subjects. Instead, she loved history, cooking, and art. Offensive and wrong situations, similar to these, have been seen throughout history and are still seen today. My only wish is that by understanding Asian American culture and history, we can prevent the creation of stereotypes about people, as well as end the discrimination and make sure these events are never repeated. When looking back at the history of Asian Americans, one needs to start at their arrival in the USA. Many Asians, mostly young men, emigrated to America for a better life or to get money so they could return and share their new prosperity (American Mosaic, 2001). The immigrants had to undergo series of medical tests and interrogation sessions, and could be denied access. From the beginning they found themselves targets of prejudice, racism and often treated like basic criminals. Even though they did great work and were known for being strong workers, there was huge backlash due to an economic depression and technically for taking many of theShow MoreRelatedImmigration Act : On Asian American Cultural Politics1060 Words   |  5 Pages Lisa Lowe, a professor of English and American Studies at Tufts University, boasts many accreditations to her name. She holds her PhD. in Literature from the University of California at Santa Cruz, and her B.A. in History from world-renowned Stanford University. In 1996, Duke University Press published her book Immigration Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics. In Immigrant Acts, Lowe discusses the contradictions in society where Asian Americans have been included in the workplace and marketsRead MoreWhat Historical And Governmental Policies Influenced Asian Americans1171 Words   |  5 PagesAsians have been referred to as the â€Å"Model Minority† for decades, but is it an accurate representation of Asian America culture today? This notion derives from the stereotype that Asian families are stable and Asian culture produces success in regards to grades and professions. My questions are as follows: what historical and governmental policies influenced the term, how did it affect Asian-Americans, what should Asian Americans do to be treated equally to improve the rights of their people, andRead MoreOvercoming Racism And Discrimination That Has Affected Asian And Native Americans1426 Words   |  6 PagesOvercoming Racism and Barriers to Counseling in Asian and Native Americans Both Asian Americans and Native Americans have faced oppression and discrimination for over two-hundred years (Hays and Erford, 2014). In this paper, I will identify how a counselor can reduce the effects of racism and discrimination that has affected Asian and Native Americans. Additionally, I will address what role a counselor plays in reducing the stigma of mental illness within both Asian and Native American’s community. FurthermoreRead MoreReligious And Ethnic Groups : Asians And Buddhism1446 Words   |  6 Pagesand Ethnic Groups: Asians and Buddhism in America Ladina K. Q. 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Originally, African American studies was a grassroots student-led response to institutionalRead More Asian American Experience Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesAsian American Experience The pain and the suffering, the oppression, and the exclusion all describe the history of Asia America. When they arrived to the United States, they become labeled as Asians. These Asians come from Japan, China, Korea, Laos, Thailand, and many other diverse countries in the Eastern hemisphere. These people wantedRead MoreTaking a Look at Asian Women Stereotypes1403 Words   |  6 PagesExplicit yellowface is that it creates power imbalance between white and Asian/Americans. That it is okay for racial masquerading and playing yellowface, as well as adopting characteristics and behaviors. 2. Implicit yellowface is that only Asians are type cast for these roles and unfortunately, someone has to play the role and most the time it is the Asian actor. This assumption states that Asians/Americans are interchangeable all Asians are the same. 1. By regulating Camptowns by the US military andRead MoreAsian Americans1039 Words   |  5 PagesJose Cruz Asian-Americans Soc/262-Contemporary American Society Nantrece Carraby August 10, 2015 Asian Americans According to the United States Census Bureau the definition of Asians refers to those people of origins of any original peoples of Southeast Asia, Far East, and or the Indian subcontinent. Asian Americans cover four point eight percent of the United States population. Asian Americans tend to have the highest educational accomplishments and income compared to other racesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Joy Luck Club 983 Words   |  4 Pagescreated different, and thus no two cultures will ever be the same. Throughout Asian American literature there seems to be a struggle between the Asian culture and American culture. More specifically, there is a struggle between Asian women and their Asian American daughters, and what it means to be feminine, and how a woman should act. The main struggle is between how the American woman should act and how the Asian woman should act. However, the behavior of the Asian woman seems to be dominant throughRead MoreAsian American And Asian America ns964 Words   |  4 PagesMany Asian Americans take great pride in a strong work ethic and an equally strong value system in terms of educational achievement. This cultural legacy stems from a long tradition of Asians coming into America as immigrants since the 19th century. During this time, there are third and fourth generation Asian Americans that have adopted the principles of a quality education and strong work ethic as part of being of Asian descent in a primarily white Anglo-American population. Culturally, many Asians

Cancer Stem-Cell Theory Essay - 739 Words

The cancer stem cell theory hypothesizes that tumors or cancers arise from mutations or epigenetic changes in normal stem cells. These mutated or genetically altered stem cells possess the properties of the normal stem cells such as the ability to self-renew, differentiate into any type of body cell, and resist apoptosis. Hence, the cancer stem cells (CSC) are named so. It is also suggested that because of the above-mentioned properties of the cancer stem cells, the current anti-cancer therapies are not entirely successful (Gil et al, 2008). Despite surgery and other therapies, even if very few of these cancer stem cells survive, they can continue to act as a source for more tumors, even though the therapies eliminate all visible signs†¦show more content†¦Some strategies that can be used to target the cancer stem cells: 1) Stem cells possess markers that are different from the differentiated cells. One method can be to develop treatments that target only the cancer stem cells and not the healthy differentiated cells. 2) Investigate to find markers that distinguish between cancer stem cells and healthy stem cells. 3) Prevent self-renewal of the stem cells within the tumor mass: Targeting proteins that regulate the cell cycle in the cells of the tumor mass can be a potential strategy to prevent the self-renewal of the cancer stem cells. Bao et al (2006) reported that proteins involved in regulating cell cycle, especially at the checkpoints play an important role in determining the CSC resistance to radiotherapy. This is because radiotherapy leads to DNA damage, which activates the checkpoint proteins and increases their expression. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that inhibition of checkpoint proteins such as Chk1 and Chk2 decrease the radiotherapy resistance ability of the brain stem cells that were previously radiotherapy resistant (Gil et al, 2008). This strategy coupled with radiotherapy and/or elimination of the tumor mass by surgery can potentially prevent relapse of cancer. Tumor progression or cancer development in humans takes decades to develop because this process requires multiple insults like mutations and epigenetic changes in the DNA. These changesShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Cancer Stem Cell Theory991 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity has two main theories about how cancer grows to form tumors. The cancer stem cell theory states that tumors are like normal cells because stem cells control their growth (Blanpain, 2015). However the contradicting theory is the stochastic model in which all cells have the ability to grow and divide, so the cells that make up a tumor are not organized in any sort of system. I take the stance that tumors are grown through an organized system and that cancer stem cells are at the center of theRead MoreCancer And Its Effects On Cancer Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagespeople in the world suffer from cancer. In the year 2017, it is estimated that nearly 2 million new cancer cases will occur in the United States, leading to approximately more than half a million deaths (Cancer Facts Figures, 2016, p.1). However, despite the drastic numbers shown in this data, it is almost a 20% decrease from data collected in previous years (Tao Kiera, 2015, p.1). The increased survival rate of cancer patients is mainly due to advances in cancer research and the incorporationRead MoreStem Cells and Their Effect on Tumor Growth and Cancer Creation997 Words   |  4 PagesZoology Stem Cells and Their Effect on Tumor Growth and Cancer Creation Stem cells are a growing phenomenon in the cancer research world. Researchers are getting closer and closer to a cure, they are exploring other options to treat cancer. Stem cells are relatively new to the medical world, making their first appearance in 1956 (†Timeline for Stem Cell Research†, 1), and as with everything, there are flaws. Despite these flaws, stem cell treatment is something more people are turning to, asRead MoreThe Remarkable Abilites of Stem Cells1441 Words   |  6 PagesAn undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that can give rise to one or more type of specialized cell and arise by differentiation is call a Stem Cell. With their remarkable abilities Stem Cells, during early life or growth, serve many tissues as some call an internal repair system as long as the host is still alive. Renewing themselves during cell division and become an organ specific cells with unique functions to repair and replace damaged tissues. Animal and humans alw ays been theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Cancer1303 Words   |  6 Pages Cancer, also known as malignant neoplasm, the hallmark characteristic involves uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Under normal conditions cell grow, divide and die, but in cancer cells the defect takes place at the gene level leading to the formation of an abnormal DNA. As genes are the basic control machines of the cell, alteration of any kind may bring devastating consequences, or malignancy. Moreover, in normal cells damage of any kind is taken care by the repair system but in cancer cellsRead MoreThe Importance Of Stem Cells1338 Words   |  6 Pagesbase of their discovery, stem cells have been known to be able to regenerate themselves, fighting bacteria and disease, and have the component of being unspecialized. This component of being unspecialized gives way for scientists and researchers to give stem cells a specific function to target and help repair tissues and systems. Such bacteria and d isease stem cells may eradicate and prevent from plaguing people are Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s Disease, spinal cord injuries, cancer, and much more. It hasRead MoreEssay Finding a Cure: Stem Cell Research1321 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Cancer is a disease that will come after you, your family, your work, and every facet of your life.† It is the second leading cause of deaths in the United States, and is directly associated to obesity. In fact, one out of every three woman, and half of men, will develop cancer in their lifetimes. Cancer attacks health, attitude, and confidence with array of chemicals, tests, treatments, and paperwork. In many cases it will come back, even stronger and terrifying. Since cancer is such an immenseRead MoreA Theory of the Cause of Skin Cancer Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesA Theory of the Cause of Skin Cancer This theory of cancer was presented in detail in the book One Answer to Cancer by Dr William Kelley, although certain adaptations have been made. You would be well served to look at the original book available for free on the internet. According to the theory, a person cannot have cancer unless three factors are present. These three factors are: (I) The presence of a certain type of cell that becomes genetically damaged. In theRead MoreThe Treatment Of Cancer Therapy980 Words   |  4 PagesCancer Therapy Cancer is one of the more prevalent diseases in our world today. It’s a horrifying diagnosis that affects not only the patient, but their families and loved ones as well. As nurses, we deal head on with this diagnoses on a daily basis. Holding a strong front becomes hard, when inside, you’re crumbling while looking at the sweet 4 year old girl, taking her last breath in the face of her leukemia with a smile on her face. Hopefully one day, we won’t have to endure the pain and heartbreakRead MoreThe Importance Of Cancer Cells In Tumours1264 Words   |  6 Pages13It is well documented that many types of tumours contain cancer cells with heterogeneous phenotypes reflecting aspects of the differentiation that normally occurs in the tissues from which the tumours arise. The variable expression of normal differentiation markers by cancer cells in a tumour suggests that some of the heterogeneity in tumours arises as a result of the anomalous differentiation of tumour c ells. Examples of this include the variable expression of myeloid markers in chronic myeloid

Politics In Gilded Age Essay Example For Students

Politics In Gilded Age Essay The paper discusses politics in the Gilded Age. Include major political events and issues, and the roles of the bloody shirt, corruption, patronage, and reform movements. The term Gilded Age was named for a Mark Twain book. It meant covered with gold, and was applied to this period as a whole. This was a period of corruption in sordid politics. The Republicans and Senator Blaine led the Half-Breeds from Maine, and they wanted to be in control of it all. The mugwumps were a group that turned Democrat because of the corruption of the Republican presidential nominee, Senator Blaine. One president was Grant during this period. He was elected into office for his past war experience. He had little knowledge of politics, and depended on his fellow politicians. These men, in turn, involved in scandals to embezzle money from the government. One was the Great Mobilier scandal; it dealt with the Union Pacific Railroad. The Construction Company hired themselves at inflated prices to build railroad lines, and distributed shares of stock to congressmen. A scandal during Grants second term, was the Whisky Ring. This scandal was uncovered in St. Louis, and consisted of selling whiskey without the excise tax. In return it defrauded the government out of millions of dollars. Belknap was selling goods and trading with the Indians for lower prices. During Grants administration the monetary issues were inflation, cheap money, and greenbacks. The debtors, especially farmers, wanted cheap money. However, Grant vetoed the bill to print more money, and supported withdrawing greenbacks from circulation. Hayes won the disputed election. Four states submitted irregular returns. It was disputed if the Republican president of the Senate or the Democratic Speaker of the House should count them. It was decided that an electoral commission made up of fifteen men. There were eight Republicans and seven Democrats, so the Republicans won. The Democrats would only accept this with conditions, one of which was to remove troops from the south. The next president was a political unknown. His name was James Garfield. A disturbed politician shot him in the back at a railroad. This demonstrated the corruption in the patronage system and led to reform. In the next presidential election the Republicans nominated James Blaine and the Democrats supported Grover Cleveland. Both parties were the same on issues and both agreed on tariff and corporate abuses, so it came down to personal issues. Cleveland won the election and was the first Democratic President since before the Civil War. His philosophy of government was almost entirely negative. He believed that the government should not support people. He wanted to reform tariff, but congress postponed it. The Republicans described Clevelands tariff reform as a free trade policy that would ruin American industries and put Americans out of work. The Republicans regain the White House with Benjamin Harrison. The payoffs for industries were high tariffs. The downside was increased government spending. .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b , .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .postImageUrl , .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b , .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:hover , .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:visited , .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:active { border:0!important; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:active , .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: United States the Interloper Essay The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was passed to help the silver minors and economy. During President Clevelands reelection, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act drained the treasuries. Paper notes were traded for gold, then reissued, and the process would be repeated. The worst depression of that century occurred during Clevelands second term. Cleveland tried to repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, but it was too late. Gold was almost depleted, so he borrowed $62 million in gold from J. P. Morgan. The Wilson-Gorman Act reduced tariff slightly, and had a provision that the Populist favored. It was a 2% income tax on incomes over $4000 a year. In all Cleveland was unable to deal with the economic crises in his second term. There was too much corruption during this period. Honest politicians and businessmen might have prevented the depression. The big businesses were really in charge. The quality of Presidents played a major role .

What About Polonius Essay Example For Students

What About Polonius Essay What About Polonius?One of the main characters in the play Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare, is Polonius. Polonius is the father of Laertes and Ophelia and is also the right hand man to the king, Claudius. He is a man who is nosy and is constantly babbling about something, yet is a loving father and a loyal servant to the state. Or is he? What exactly is the nature of Polonius? How important was he to Shakespeares epic play? Did he really have to die? What about Polonius?The audience is first introduced to Polonius when his son, Laertes, decides that he wants to return to Paris to finish college. At first glance, through a long-winded speech, Polonius acts as a caring father should. He gives his son advice, such as, Give every man thine ear, but few thy voice; or Take each mans censure, but reserve thy judgment. and to thy own self be true. Later though, he talks about clothing and outward appearances. In fact he goes off on this subject warning Laertes to not look gaudy and ri ch. He seems more concerned about how Laertes appears to be then who he actually is. Polonius gives a double standard for the boy to follow. In that same act, after Laertes leaves, Polonius has another conversation with his other child, his ill-fated daughter, Ophelia. Ophelia tells her father everything (we assume) about her relationship with Hamlet. Polonius tears right into the poor girl with comments such as, You speak like a green girl, or Think yourself a baby That you have taen these tenders for true pay, making him appear like a rotten old man. Why would Polonius not want Ophelia to get involved with a prince? Many people have debated why Polonius ends up forbidding Ophelia from seeing Hamlet. Some say that Hamlet was too high ranking for Ophelia and that their marriage would have seemed unlikely in Poloniuss eyes. Others say that maybe Polonius just did not like Hamlet and did not want his daughter getting involved with him. Yet others believe that Polonius thought that Hamlet would just use Ophelia, and he did not want to see her get hurt. Polonius did not want Ophelia to be involved with Hamlet, or any other ma n for that matter, because he was afraid that he would lose control over one of his most precious toys, his daughter. If Ophelia became involved with someone, then all the control that Polonius had over her would be lost. She would belong to someone new, and his toy would no longer be his to play with as he pleased. Polonius had to know everything that was going on, in his childrens lives and in the state too. Possibly he felt a pang of jealousy thinking that maybe his daughter would become queen if she married Hamlet and would end up in a more prestigious position then he. Just to prove the idea that Polonius needs to be in charge of his domain (his children included) all one needs to do is to look at the beginning of Act II. Polonius asks Renaldo, a close friend of his son, to go and check up on Laertes. Polonius wants to know how Laertes is acting, if he is gambling, drinking, drabbing, and so forth. It could be argued that he is just looking out for the welfare of his only son, but looking at Poloniuss personality, that is highly unlikely. Polonius is a politician. It is generally known that politicians have two faces. They have their real face, and the face that they show to the public. Claudius is an excellent example of a politician. No one in Denmark had any clue that he was the murderer of the previous king. He kept it hidden very well. Claudius has two faces, and so does Polonius. Polonius does not want his statesman face to be blemished by words that his son is acting carelessly. To protect his public image, he sends Renaldo to spy on Laertes . To sum it up, Polonius has to be in control of his children to protect himself. That is why he gave that double standard to Laertes in Act I. He wanted to be portrayed as a loving father concerned about his son, but at the same time throwing in advice that would keep his image from being damaged as well. In Ophelias case, he had become so used to being in control, that the idea of losing his power frightened him. He had to do something to regain his composure. He had to get Hamlet out of the picture. .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 , .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .postImageUrl , .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 , .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:hover , .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:visited , .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:active { border:0!important; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:active , .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Space Exploration EssayPolonius is the kings accomplice. His loyalty to the state is so overwhelming that it comes before his children. By setting up Ophelia in Act III to try to find out the cause for Hamlets madness, Polonius disregards his daughters feelings. Does he not think that she still has feelings for Hamlet? No, he does not think at all. He is doing what he can to please the king, to gain the kings favor. Again, Polonius, by being a politician, has tasted the sweet rewards of power, and is no doubt hoping that he can taste more. His line to more power is through the king, not his family. His children are, as stated above, just toys that he can use, and use them he does. Ophelia dares not to speak against her father, for children were to respect their elders and women were to follow the directions of men. She was doomed. Laertes was better off because he was in Paris and he was a young man, but he, too, was at his fathers mercy. Ophelia and Laertes both have a tragic flaw: they love their father. The play never mentions their mother, so it can be assumed that she is out of their lives for whatever reason. Their father takes care of them, and in his own way does love them. It might not be the kind of love that is common between a father to his children, usually most parents do not use their children for their own benefit, but it is, none-the-less, love. Polonius has a crafty mind, constantly coming up with ways to find the answers, mostly by the technique of spying. His little mind plots schemes that will tell the truth about Hamlet is he mad, or is he not. He schemes do not always work and he ends up dead because of his sneakiness. His dea th was necessary. He was part of the rottenness in Denmark. If the play ends with a clean slate, then Polonius has to die. He is not clean. If he were to survive the state would remain rotten, and the death of everyone else would have been in vain. In fact, that is the reason he died first. He is second only to Claudius in how corrupt he is. His death foreshadows the death of others who have been tainted and is the cause of the death of his children. He had tainted both his children, and since the state had to be cleaned, their death was essential. Ophelia became tainted after Polonius led her into the mess with Hamlet. She dies because she goes crazy after her lover killed her father. Laertess taintedness and his death are both due to the fact that Polonius was murdered. He tainted Laertes by spying on Hamlet and Gertrude which led to his death which caused Laertes to conspire with the king to kill Hamlet. Laertes dies trying to avenge his fathers death. Polonius is not as simple m inded as he seems. There is a whole lot more going on in the head of the bumbling fool then appears to be. He is a control and power hungry man who uses his children to enhance his image and to push his way through the political ladder of Denmark. He is the one to blame for the death of himself and of his family. He is just a rotten politicain (Arent they all?). Shakespeare Essays

Types of Diabetes Mellitus Essays - Diabetes, Endocrine System, RTT

Types of Diabetes Mellitus In the article the author write about the different types of diabetes mellitus, treatment and risk for person life. The article enumerate the three mayor types of diabetes which are diabetes type I, Diabetes type 2, Diabetes gestational. Diabetes type one also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes. This is a condition where the body attack the pancreas with some types of antibiotic and therefor the pancreas cannot produce insulin. Diabetes type two also called adult-onset diabetes is a condition where the pancreas still produce some insulin but not enough to satisfier the body need. The diabetes gestational is triggered when a women is pregnancy and high blood sugar are circulating through the placenta into the baby. In the article the author mention some of the treatment for those diabetes. For example, for diabetes type I the most common treatment inv olve taking shot of insulin. For the type two diabetes one of treatment involve weight management nutrition and exercise, but often this diabetes need medication too. For the gestational diabetes the pregnancy women need control the weight gain during the pregnancy and also most of the time need insulin medication too. The risk that involve diabetes are for example diabetes neuropathy with is damage to the nerves system for the type one, kidneys and heart disease for type two, and several risk for the unborn baby like breathing problem and abnormal weigh gain after baby born for the gestational diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatments In this article the author write about the causes of diabetes types I and type 2 , signs or symptoms , and some of the treatment- prevention for the diabetes type I and 2. The most common causes writing by the author are that the diabetes type I is an autoimmune condition where the autoimmune system attack the pancreas or the cells in charge of the insulin production leaven the body without enough insulin. In type 2 diabetes the pancreas produce insulin but not enough to meet the body demand and therefor cell become insulin resistant and the body result in persiste nt high glucose blood levels. Also the author write about some signs and symptom that are common for both like for example people feel thirsty, very hungry, and also can feels extreme tires and sick. Some of the treatment or prevention exposes in the article by the author for the diabetes type I are the insulin injection, diet modification. Some treatment or prevention f or the type 2 diabetes for example, patient can have some oral medication befor e to get into the insulin shots. W eight control and a healthy diet can be another option for the diabetes type 2 be delayed.

Mozart5 essays

Mozart5 essays the son of Leopold Mozart, Kapellmeister to the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg, and much the reason behinds Wolfgangs education. By the age of three he could play the piano, and he was composing by the time he was five. Mozart's elder sister Maria Anna was also a gifted keyboard player, and in 1762 their father took the two prodigies on a short performing tour, of the courts at Vienna and Munich. Encouraged by their reception, they embarked the next year on a longer tour, including two weeks at Versailles, where the children enchanted Louis XV. In 1764 they arrived in London. Here Mozart wrote his first three symphonies, under the influence of Johann Christian Bach, youngest son of Johann Sebastian, who lived in the city. After their return to Salzburg there followed three trips to Italy between 1769 and 1773. In Rome, Mozart heard a performance of Allegri's Misere; the score of this work was closely guarded, but Mozart managed to transcribe the music almost perfectly from In 1769 Mozart was appointed concertmaster to the archbishop of Salzburg, and later in the same year, at La Scala, he was made a chevalier of the Order of the Golden Spur by the pope. He also composed his first German operetta, Bastien und Bastienne, in the same year. At the age of 14 he was commissioned to write a serious opera. This work, Mitridate, r di Ponto, produced under his direction at Milan, completely established an already phenomenal reputation. The Mozarts returned to Salzburg in 1771. Hieronymus, count von Colloredo, the successor to the archbishop of Salzburg, who had died while the Mozarts were touring Italy, cared little for music. Mozart's appointment at Salzburg, however, proved to be largely honorary; it allowed ample time for a prodigious musical output during his next six years, but afforded little financial security. In 1777 Mozart obtained a leave of ...

Speaking annhiliation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Speaking annhiliation - Assignment Example He links the Little Ice age to well known historical events such as retreat of Napoleon from Moscow and the discovery of the new world by the Europeans. The role of crop failure in French revolution cannot be undermined .The book underlines the important relation that humans have with nature. The important thesis of the article is the correlation between man and nature. Man may believe that he has tamed nature to his wishes but he is made aware of the actual situation time and again. Most of the decisions taken by mankind are ruled by the forces of nature. Although many would like to believe that there was not enough technological advancement during that time to fight nature but the article does make one think about the present changes in the environment and the little role humans can play in it. The article provides a sobering thought about the power of nature and how humans have and always will evolve their life along these changes – any effort to control the faces of nature will always come to a

Leadership Assumptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership Assumptions - Essay Example Educational leaders are not pre defined and moulded into certain stature. They are people who may be in the position to influence and motivate students to give their best. Educators and school administrators both can take up the role of educational leaders because both of them have the capacity to wield considerable influence among the students and teachers alike so that they give their best. Good leadership teaches through self example. Students like to emulate persons who inspire them and are capable of instilling self confidence. It is especially relevant in the context of multi cultural society where students learn to interact with each other without racial prejudice. They learn to develop attitude and behaviour which is conducive for a mutually benefiting and tolerant society. Educational leadership is a strong tool for promoting independent thought and actions with good analytical and rational approach towards issues and people thus facilitating and building a society which believes in peaceful coexistence in a multicultural atmosphere. Good leaders build relationships based on mutual trust and confidence which is the main reason that changes are accepted with equanimity. Students learn to become good leaders through observation and imbibe qualities that help them to evolve as an individual with strong character. In the educational institutes, peer leadership promotes and develops, quality education with scientific temperament incorporating the needs of the changing time. School administrator as educational leader, helps create a congenial atmosphere of learning and encourages students and teachers alike to develop skills and knowledge base that would be mutually beneficial to them. Students get effective learning environment and teachers are provided with a wider scope for professional growth in the area of core competencies. They

Write about an economic person ,John Maynard Keynes Essay

Write about an economic person ,John Maynard Keynes - Essay Example From, Cambridge, after failing to proceed with part II of mathematics, he made a debut to the civil service. While at the civil service his tasks were at the office of India. At this office he spent a period of lower than two straight years. The India office experience gave him a chance to learn the particles of financial management as well as administration. Also at the same office he collected material meant for his first authored book. It was published in 1913 under India Currency and Finance title. In this book was a detailed study by Keynes of the monetary system of India. Subsequent to his working at the India office he made a comeback to the University of Cambridge and here he was to spend six years studying mathematics and economics. In 1909 he was the winner of the Adam Smith prize for the written essay by the title The Method of Index Numbers. At this university he learnt economics from none other than Alfred Marshall. Also he was appointed as the Economic Journal editor in 1911 at the age of 28. While working as the editor for this journal he showed a great deal of wealth as an administrator and organizer. Keynes also gained fame after WWI which ran for 1914-18 due to his opposition the Allies imposed punitive reparation payments on Germany while signing the treaty of peace. He argued that the reparations imposed were so huge that the nation of Germany would struggle to fulfill the liabilities whilst remaining unstable politically. Of the five members’ council, he was the most critical. The other members were; Lloyd George- prime minister for Britain, France’s Clemenceau, Italy’s Orlando Vittirio and US president Woodrow Wilson. (Keynes, 2006: xiii, xiv) Keynes has been one of the worldwide celebrated British Economists. Most known about him was the nature of not holding an opinion for a long period. Later in his life he joined the Cambridge University where he studied his economics and

The Discovery and Colonisation of America

The Discovery and Colonisation of America In 1492, America was discovered by Christopher Columbus. It had, however, already accidentally been discovered by Scandinavian Vikings about 500 years earlier. The Vikings were not alone when they discovered America. It was an unknown fact that Native Americans had come to America and inhabited it much earlier. Because this wasnt acknowledged, the Native Americans were never seen as the original discoverers. In 986, Bjarni Herjolffson set out from Norway in an attempt to reach Iceland and eventually Greenland. Greenland was the land Bjarnis father, also an adventurist, had failed to completely colonize on his fleet, led by Erik the Red. Bjarni got lost on the way to Greenland because of fog and storms. Eventually, he did find the land he was searching for. Bjarni did not discover America, but he was the first to make it out while he was at sea. Back in Norway, one of Erik the Reds sons, Leiff, became interested in the story Bjarni told. He decided he wanted to continue the adventure and find out which land Bjarni had seen on the horizon. In search of the best landscape to land on, Leif Eriksson and his crew sailed along the eastern coast of America. After passing the Baffin Island and what is now Labrador, they picked the best environment. They named it The Wineland. Leiff Erikssons crew inhabited the area, where they found grapevines and other products to bring home. They built houses, stayed for the winter and returned home with wine and food. The Discovery of America: The Spanish and Portuguese The first explorations and conquests were made by the Spanish and the Portuguese. In 1492, a Spanish expedition lead by Christopher Columbus sailed to the continent America and introduced the New World to the Western World of that time. He began studying the civilizations that he had encountered : the friendly Native Americans. After this, European conquest, exploration, and Colonisation quickly followed and expanded. After the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, approved of by the Pope, Spain and Portugal divided the entire non-European world between themselves, with a line drawn through South America. This first occurred along the Caribbean coasts on the islands of Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba, and beginning in the early 16th century, extended into both North and South America. In 1498, Columbuss third trip reached the South American coast. With help from their powerful Indian allies, the Spanish rapidly conquered territory. As a result, they gained control of much of western South America, Central America and Mexico by the mid-16th century. Over this same period, Portugal colonized much of eastern South America, which is now Brazil. The Colonisation of America During the early and mid-sixteenth century, the English tended to view North America as a base for piracy and harassment of the Spanish(In the late 1560s a rebellious act broke out in the Netherlands, and the rebels were Protestant. British Queen Elizabeth aided these rebels. Spain, being Catholic, saw these rebels as a threat. Because of the fact that the British helped the Dutch Protestants, Spain became resentful towards England). By the end of the century, the English began to think more about North America as a place to colonize: as a market for English goods and a source of raw materials. The English claimed that New World Colonisation offered England many advantages. Not only would it enrage Catholic Spain, it would supply England with raw materials and provide a market for finished products. America would also provide a place to send the English poor. America also satisfied more personal needs : rigorously religious English felt that they were not accepted in England, and Ame rica would create a more liberal environment. Spain and England were hostile towards eachother over trade and colonisation. On August 8th, 1588, the English defeated Spain in the Spanish Armada. England was now able to colonize North America. English Joint Stock companies founded Jamestown in 1607. They failed because they were looking for gold, didnt farm, and drank contaminated water. They came during spring, which was deceiving. They didnt plan for winter. Many died the first winter. John Smith, who had been to America in the winter before, saved them. He said, Work or Starve. So, they started farming, and everybody was fed. The English Joint Stock company sent over 50 women to help repopulate Jamestown. The Pilgrims werent called Pilgrims until 150 years later. These strictly religious immigrants called themselves Saints. The Saints left England because they were not accepted for their religion. They went to the Netherlands, but they didnt want their children growing up being non-Englishmen. For this reason, they came to the New World. Early other European Colonisations in North America included the French colonies of Acadia and Canada, the Swedish colony of New Sweden, and the Dutch New Netherland. Also Sweden participated in occupying North America. As the colonies started to grow, Britain decided on the policy of salutary neglect : the British American colonies were to be obedient towards Great Britain. Conflicts between Britain and America The Seven Years War resulted in the decisive turning point in British-colonial relations. The Treaty of Paris in 1763 criticized Britains control of the seas and trade, as well as its sovereignty over much of the North American continent. To fund this war, Britain, unable to borrow any more money from other countries, raised its taxes. This had a very heavy effect on the citizens. Also, bureaucracy arose in England in order for the government to get all the money they could. Britain found it North Americas responsibility to aid them in their war expenses. However, New world institutions of self-government and trade, used to the policy of salutary neglect, refused and rebelled against this demand. The war developed and Britain became more dependant on North America : Military supplies and an increased demand for goods contributed to the wealth of the North American Colonies. The 7 years war had put Britain into great debt, so the Parliament insisted on a raise of taxes once again. The British government believed the colonies should pay their fair share to the nations expenses. Because the colonies were not represented in the Parliament, the North Americans found the raised taxes intolerable. The orthodox British view, dating from the Glorious Revolution of 1688, was that Parliament was the highest authority in the empire, and so anything Parliament did was constitutional. In the colonies, however, the idea had developed that the British Constitution recognized certain fundamental rights that not even Parliament could violate. The American Independence The concept of American Independence began when many more colonists began to reject the authority of the Parliament, since they werent represented, but were expected to pay taxes. They believed this violated their rights as Englishmen. The colonies petitioned King George III for intervention with the Parliament. To force him to do so, they boycotted British goods but kept their loyalty to the British crown. These acts were ignored. The colonists proceeded to create an army. Following acts to achieve the same goal were seen as rebellion and treachery. In 1776 the Colonies responded by declaring their independence Frances government secretly provided supplies to the revolutionaries. France eventually entered the war in 1778 along with the Spanish and Dutch. They treatened to invade Great Britain and put the English army, which wasnt so strong, to the test. Due to Great Britains naval power, it was able to occupy coastal cities in America. The more rural areas, where most of the population lived however, were less easy to control. The French involvement proved to be beneficial when the French naval victory at Yorktown in 1781 to the surrender of a British army occurred. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris ended the war and recognized the sovereignty of the United States. http://news. softpedia. com/news/How-Did-Vikings-Discover-America-49891. shtml http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/European_Colonisation_of_the_Americas http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/database/article_display. cfm?HHID=670 http://mr_sedivy. tripod. com/america. html http://www. taxanalysts. com/museum/1756-1776. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Salutary_neglect http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War

Use Of Literary Elements :: essays research papers

Use of Literary Elements There are many important elements to The Catcher in the Rye but there are two that stand out from the rest by a great margin. These elements of the novel are the message that the book gives to reader as well as the style of writing that J.D. Salinger uses while writing the book. The messages can be seen clearly and are very important to the book, but they are not an original theme for a book. What does set the ideas in this book apart from other books with the same theme is the writing style that Salinger uses in the book; this writing style is called stream of consciousness writing. Stream of consciousness writing is a type of writing that is not typically used in books because of its well defined limits. These limits are that when using stream of consciousness narration, the story line is required to revolve around one and only one main character if the writing is to be effective. With S. of C. writing it is also required that the author develop the main character extremely well into a very believable person both emotionally and physically through thoughts and actions. To write an effective book in this writing style an author must be exceptionally talented, and thankfully Mr. Salinger is just that. The S. of C. writing style is used effectively with the character of Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye because the story line Mr. Salinger developed follows Holden specifically as well as the fact that the subject matter of the book is one of an personal nature. The ideas in the book are presented as thoughts of Holden through out the story. These topics include the fakeness of the world, as well as the rebellion against the world that many teenagers have. Holden does not like the phonies in the world and constantly voices his opinion about it as well. The rebellion against the world in not a conscious thing that Holden does but it is apparent in the story line of the book. An example of this rebellion is the constant use of profanity in the book. Salinger makes good use of the constant profanity to show this rebellion but because of HoldenÕs character it is not out of context. Because Holden is upper-middle class and educated he used profanity to exemplify points that he is trying to make, not because he is swearing out of anger.

Proficiency Level in English Communication Skills Essay

â€Å"English is without a doubt the actual universal language†. While English is not an official language in most countries, it is the language most often taught as a second language. English is most widely used in communicating around the world. The information that we* the researchers gathered about communication and English made them realized that the two terminologies must be always together. Good communication creates a good ambience and relationship between everyone in every organization most especially if it is inside a business while English is now required in every company. Language is now considered a skill, in fact, big companies, both here and abroad, are now looking for good English communication skills among potential employees, sadly, these companies are disappointed. Sad to say that even the students nowadays are not practicing effective communication; some really don’t want to practice it and some are practicing it in the most improper way in the form of the so-called â€Å"taglish†, a combination of Filipino and English words in one sentence. We* The researchers became interested with the English communication proficiency of the secondary students nowadays; those who can afford to enroll in college will be privileged to learn and be trained more with their communication skills, but what about those students who cannot afford to be upgraded in tertiary level? Of course they’ll apply for a job to make a living, but the problem is, even the few available jobs for high school graduates require good communication skills, and unfortunately, we*as the researchers have noticed, most high school students are not prepared for this kind of challenge. Some of the students are good in written communication but not that good when it comes to oral because some are shy to let others hear their English, or afraid to execute a wrong grammars or bad sentence on how or the way they talk.

Shopping at a Mall or Shopping Online Essays

Shopping at a Mall or Shopping Online Essays Shopping at a Mall or Shopping Online Essay Shopping at a Mall or Shopping Online Essay Shoppers often wonder if there is enough time during the day to accomplish all the tasks that remain and need to be accomplished. Shoppers often feel overwhelmed by all the chores set during the day that leaves one with no time go to the mall with friends and relax or buy necessary items for themselves. Some office people find that they do not have time to get to the mall before it closes in order to complete necessary personal errands.   These are the people who find tremendous benefits that come from online shopping. But, there are also various social sectors with opinions that both support or oppose online shopping in favor of mall shopping.There is a big difference between shopping online and seeing a PhotoShop picture of the product he or she is interested in and actually going to the mall and getting a chance to try the product and compare product quality. Mall shopping has a more personal feel to purchasing items because he or she actually gets to tal k to a real live person and inquire about the product that interests him. There is also the instant gratification of being able to return home the same day or night with the much-needed product on hand. One must not forget that it is also easier for shoppers to bring the item back to the mall for replacement when necessary.There are also health benefits involved with mall shopping. Doctors often recommend that the elderly or people with heart ailments go to the mall and shop in order to gain some much-needed exercise without really exercising. They believe that mall shopping is the best method of exercise as shoppers rarely notice the time they have spent walking and climbing the mall using stairs, escalators, and elevators while they shop. Hence the term shop till you drop. Dont forget that there are also certain specialty stores that like to keep their exclusivity by not having an online counterpart. But perhaps the most notable benefit of shopping the mall is the social interacti on involved that allows relationships and bonds between friends and family to prosper.In the meantime, it must also be pointed out that online shopping provides major benefits for shoppers. It is much more convenient to shop online because their stores are open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. They accommodate the shopping schedule of the buyers instead of the buyers accommodating their store hours. The online stores also carry all sizes in stock therefore getting the correct size is never a problem for their buyers. There are even auction sites where they can search and compare prices in order to get the best deals on certain items.Online shopping also has its own drawbacks that limits the shopping pleasure people can derive from it. For example, the online shoppers are limited buying items in blind faith because they cannot touch or feel the item that they want to buy. There is no immediate gratification found in purchasing an item because the buyer has to wait for the item to b e shipped to him. The buyer also has to pay extra for shipping fees most of the time. From the economic point of view, online shopping saves the shoppers the cost of gasoline and parking. It also limits the buying power of their clientele because they will not allow people to pay with cash. These stores often require credit cards, debit cards or electronic cash payments such as PayPal.It is very important to consider all these factors in order to decide upon which shopping method will best suit the situation and need of the shoppers. There will also be times when shoppers will end up combining both shopping styles in order to accomplish a task. Mall shopping has more social benefits when compared to online shopping. Online shopping seems to be the more expensive shopping method because of the shipping fees involved. In the end, they will have to decide on the proper shopping method for themselves.

Free Essays on Faustinian Theory In The Matrix

Faustinian Theory in  gThe Matrix h Kei Urano ID: 041776 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is widely said to be the best German story teller to this date. His fascinating book, Faust, is still read by many today. Over time, as the story was told and passed on through generations, many different ideas on what happened were brought up, but the main idea of the story is the same in most cases. One of the most interesting things about this legend is the fact that though this story is has been around for a while, it is still told in some contemporary films to this day. All though it is not always as direct as a deal with the actual devil, the same basis of the story can be seen in present day films. In one of the most successful movies of the year 2000, The Matrix, a Faustian theme is evident. The Matrix is a science fiction movie directed by the Wachowski brothers. The old legend of Faust is, in short, about a young scholar who made a deal with Mephistopheles, the devil. Faust was seeking ultimate knowledge and in the deal the devil said he would grant Faust ultimate knowledge in return for his soul. Faust agrees to the deal and after a certain time period of possessing ultimate knowledge Faust suddenly dies. There are many different versions of the story as to exactly how he died, and some versions of the story go into more detail than others. As time passed, Faustian legends were being told in many different stories, many different ways. To have a Faust story, four basic elements should be present: a Faust figure, a devil figure, some sort of temptation, and a price. The Matrix is about a man, called Neo, who was living an average life, and was heavily into computer hacking. One day he receives messages appearing on his computer leading him towards a meeting with a powerful man named Morphius. Morphius alerts Neo that the reason that the reason that all of federal agents were chasing him and all of these other things were ... Free Essays on Faustinian Theory In The Matrix Free Essays on Faustinian Theory In The Matrix Faustinian Theory in  gThe Matrix h Kei Urano ID: 041776 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is widely said to be the best German story teller to this date. His fascinating book, Faust, is still read by many today. Over time, as the story was told and passed on through generations, many different ideas on what happened were brought up, but the main idea of the story is the same in most cases. One of the most interesting things about this legend is the fact that though this story is has been around for a while, it is still told in some contemporary films to this day. All though it is not always as direct as a deal with the actual devil, the same basis of the story can be seen in present day films. In one of the most successful movies of the year 2000, The Matrix, a Faustian theme is evident. The Matrix is a science fiction movie directed by the Wachowski brothers. The old legend of Faust is, in short, about a young scholar who made a deal with Mephistopheles, the devil. Faust was seeking ultimate knowledge and in the deal the devil said he would grant Faust ultimate knowledge in return for his soul. Faust agrees to the deal and after a certain time period of possessing ultimate knowledge Faust suddenly dies. There are many different versions of the story as to exactly how he died, and some versions of the story go into more detail than others. As time passed, Faustian legends were being told in many different stories, many different ways. To have a Faust story, four basic elements should be present: a Faust figure, a devil figure, some sort of temptation, and a price. The Matrix is about a man, called Neo, who was living an average life, and was heavily into computer hacking. One day he receives messages appearing on his computer leading him towards a meeting with a powerful man named Morphius. Morphius alerts Neo that the reason that the reason that all of federal agents were chasing him and all of these other things were ...

The history of National Parks in the United States Research Paper

The history of National Parks in the United States - Research Paper Example This history is also considered as the history of the people who constantly worked hard to preserve and save the land which they loved throughout their lives as United Sates’ residents. The history of United States’ national parks can be traced as far back as the discovery of Yosemite in 1851. The discovery of this place of inspiring beauty elicited events which led to the legislations that were used to protect and preserve land for future generations. White men who were members of an armed battalion entered the Yosemite Valley in 1851 in search of Indians so as to drive them away from their homeland. Those white men then named the valley â€Å"Yosemite†, believing that it was the name of the Indian tribe which lived in that valley. In 1855, James Mason led a group of white men to the discovery of the valley (Gartner 1986). After failing as a gold miner for years, James Mason believed that he could prosper by establishing and running a tourist hotel in Yosemite V alley so as to promote the scenic attractions of California. Four years later, James Mason returned to the same site, but now with a photographer. Later, other writers and artists travelled to the valley and as a result images and word concerning the valley spread fast across the US. This attracted more tourists who were specifically eager to see the beautiful valley by themselves (Gartner 1986). An editor of the New York Tribune called Horace Greeley then wrote about the valley, saying that if the county of California and other relevant authorities do not take care of the safety of the trees in the valley, then he would be sure to deplore it. He perceived that the value of the valley several years later would be very high if care and caution was taken to preserve it. Therefore, the discovery of the valley served as an important path in the history of National Parks in the United States. By late 19th century, actions of the United States to tame the land had come with devastating co nsequences. Entire species of animals had been destroyed and forests had been subjected to outrageous ravage. All these actions were committed in the name of progress. One naturalist named John Muir then expressed his concerns by categorically stating that the great wilds of the United States of America which were once boundless and inexhaustible had now become invaded and destructed completely. Within this period, there were only a handful of concerned Americans who perceived that national parks were the only structures that were considered as the important means to protect the country’s pristine places. A young politician named Theodore Roosevelt was one of the few concerned people as of that moment. Roosevelt was later to become the president of the United States of America and establish five national parks, 51 bird sanctuaries, four national game reserves, 18 monuments and 100 million acres of national forests. In 1890, there were already four national parks established d ue to the concern of the few people who were determined to preserve the environment. Despite the fact that these national parks were under the guard of the army, they were nonetheless subject to great dangers (Albright 1985). Wildlife in the park was constantly killed; park meadows were overgrazed by livestock; tourists provided means for the destruction of rocks and trees through carvings and ancient forests were not spared either. Although the congress had created the

Analytical essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Analytical - Essay Example What remains in her mind is the illusion that her father is still alive and has the control over her. At one event with the townpeople, she even told them that his father is alive and kicking. "Miss Emily met them at the door, dressed as usual and with no grief on her face. She told them that her father was not dead...Just as they were about to resort to law and force, she broke down, and they buried their father quickly." (Brooks and Warren,1959) The death of her father, although it creates a terrible anguish in her heart give her the signal to exercise her freedom. Thirty years later when she met Homer Barron---the love of her life. As the reader is told, Miss Emily was loved by many men of the town. Therefore it is not surprising that a man like Homer would fell in love with Emily. On the other hand, her only desire is to find infinite happiness in life and he found it within this man. In short, the two get married. Her decision to settle down was good enough for she knows no one can control her. The relationship could be somewhat strange but the revelation that she kills her husband is not so surprising. The fact that she suffers from severe trauma and mental insanity , she could commit such criminal act. Her acceptance of illusion and denial of reality only shows that she is out of her mind. Even until her death, anguish and suffering still remains. "After Miss Emily died, the townpeople had to go remove her body. The unsuspecting thing that happened in her house was that she had been sleeping with Homers old decayed body for many years. Even after she kills Homer Barron, she sleeps with his corpse - something that did not bother her at all." (Death As Central Theme In "A Rose for Emily".) Faulkner wants his readers to understand that Emilys life is like a rose. A rose, particularly a red rose can represent many things such as love or hatred. Her relationship with her father and her lover can be compared to a red rose. She loves her father so

The first day at a new school or college Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The first day at a new school or college - Essay Example Looking back at my life, from since I was a child, I always thought of myself as an easy-to-approach and friendly person. This made me confident about being in new environments, as I imagined people could easily befriend me. Even when I watched movies that showed how people are bullied when they join a new school, I was sure it would never happen to me. In my view, I am easy-going, cool and fun to be around, as evidenced by the fact that I have many friends with whom I play football with over the weekend or after school, if time allows. However, this all changed when my father informed my siblings and I that we would be moving to a different town since he had been offered a better job there. This meant changing schools and worse, leaving the friends that I had grown close to and shared memorable things with. My siblings- two younger sisters- were excited and sad about leaving their friends too, they were scared about joining a new school too, as they felt it would be hard to find peo ple that they could get along with easily. On the other hand, I felt that this would not be a challenge and that I would keep in touch with my old friends via phone and facebook. The fateful day of our moving came and goodbyes were said. Being on a Saturday, I made sure that I had bid farewell to my friends from school the day before and exchanged contacts, including postal address, to ensure we remain in touch. I was particularly keen on keeping in touch with my swimming instructor; he had been such an inspiration and a mentor as I hone and perfect my swimming skills. I discovered my passion for the sport through him and found someone to guide me through my studies, so he was a person I was sure I would miss. Getting to the new town and settling into a new neighborhood worked out fine; this was a larger town, much nearer to the city. I found it exciting and eagerly awaited that day which I would start at the new school and make friends. Sunday was dedicated to unpacking and being a cquainted with the new environs. I realized that there were no kids of my age but consoled myself that I would make some at school the following day and we would visit each other. My sisters were lucky enough to find their age mates in the neighborhood. I was further consoled by the fact that there was a youth hostel nearby, thus I could comfortably continue swimming. I mapped out my route to school and prepared my bag and clothes in anticipation of the first day. I had no problem getting up, as I was energized and slightly nervous; hurriedly, I showered, had my breakfast and left for the new school which was a ten-minute walk. I got to school early enough and checked in at the admissions office to get a copy of the timetable, combination for my locker and a brief orientation. Walking into my first class marked the end of all my hopes of making friends easily and simply fitting into the new environment. The class teacher felt the need to make me stand up at the front and talk a litt le about myself. As I did this, I heard other students giggle and some sneered; it was generally an uncomfortable and disheartening moment. Being an optimist, I told myself this would pass before lunchtime; however, this was not to be, as I painfully discovered through the rest of the day. My next class was Chemistry and everyone had a lab partner except for me. The teacher then paired me up with a student that seemed ‘out casted’ by the rest for some reason. I joined her and quickly introduced myself only to get a cold shoulder from her. Through the class, I realized that she was much smarter than everyone else and this made her arrogant, thus no one liked her. I suffered through trying to keep up and challenged myself to make her a friendly person. My day got worse at lunch time when I walked into the cafeteria and realized that everyone sat in a group which each had certain tables ‘reserved’ for them. I got my food and mustered the courage to sit at a ta ble that had two occupants

Punishment vs Discipline Essay Example for Free

Punishment vs Discipline Essay Ashlee Johnson 04/29/10 Punishment vs. Discipline HFS 4213 Children cannot possibly benefit from discipline in the form of punishment. Simply put, punishment is disrespectful treatment of a child that will result short- term cooperation but further behavior problems long-term. No child should have to endure such negative modification methods intended to humiliate them with a goal of teaching appropriate behavior. Sadly, however, some adults think they are doing what is best for the child. But what can a child possibly learn from hearing a parent say, If you hit your brother one more time, Im gonna spank you! The child interprets that message as if I hit him, then youre going to hit me. There is no valuable lesson being taught in such a situation. Thankfully, organizations such as NAEYC have set forth guidelines for appropriate teaching techniques for parents and educators to utilize at home and in classrooms. By taking the initiative to research alternatives to punishment, one would see the egative impact this has on children. Anger, aggression, damaged self-esteem, fear, hostility, resentment, and deceitfulness are Just a few of the ways children respond to the emotional, physical, and verbally abusive means of punishment they may experience in an environment of uninformed adults. Even though it may be unintentional, the results can be devastating. There are many ways that discipline can be positive and actually help children learn. Effective child guidance approaches will instill in a child a way of controlling their own behavior. Children should have the power to make choices, and then they will learn from the consequences of their actions. They have a right to be respected and need to learn how to handle their emotions. It is our duty as early childhood educators and parents to allow young children an opportunity to gain knowledge and understanding from the experiences we offer them in safe, nurturing environments.

Apnea :: essays research papers

Sleeping Apnea Approximately 30 million Americans are victims of a sleep disorder called Obstructive sleep apnea. Man millions more are predisposed and have a high risk of developing the illness. If you are and adult male, the odds are about 50/50 that your breathing is not normal when you are sleeping.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)? OSA is a recurrent episode during sleep when their throat closes and they cannot suck air into their lungs. This happens because the muscles that normally hold the throat open during wakefulness relax during sleep and allow it to narrow. When the throat is partially closed and/or the muscles relax too much, trying to inhale will suck the throat completely closed and air cannot pass at all. This is an obstructive sleeping apnea episode.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A cessation of breathing must last 10 seconds or more to be called an apnea. Obstructive apnea episodes can last as long as two minutes and are almost always associated with a reduction in the level of oxygen in the blood. When an individual is in the midst of an obstructive sleep apnea episode, as long as sleep continues, the apnea continues. It is only terminated and waking up saves the victim’s life. This arousal instantly increases the activity of the muscles of the tongue and throat muscles that enlarge the airway. The victim will be able to breathe and to once again fill the lungs with life-giving oxygen. This cycle may be repeated hundreds of times a night while the suffer has no idea it is happing How serious is OSA? Depending on the degree of severity, OSA is a potentially life threatening condition. Some one who has undiagnosed severe obstructive sleep apnea is likely to have a heart attack, a stroke, cardiac arrest during sleep, or a harmful accident. In addition, awakening to breathe hundreds of times in a single night causes the victim to become very sleep deprived. There is a constant risk of serious accidents such as falling asleep while driving as well as impaired function in the workplace. Untreated OSA tends to progressively worsen and sooner or later will result in partial or complete disability and death.

Swot Analysis of Cango

SWOT is an acronym that stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The SWOT analysis will help CanGo understand the opportunities that are available and what threats may affect its operations. Before moving forward CanGo needs to assess the position they currently have in the market place. The use of a SWOT analysis technique will be beneficial at this point and will serve as the baseline to elaborate on a strategic plan for the organization.Be Bold has been observing CanGo’s operations for a couple of months, and have developed the following preliminary SWOT Analysis from these observations:Strength Purchase an automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) to help improve the warehouse. An automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) is a great solution for CanGo’s inventory handling.CanGo has experienced exponential growth in their first two years of operation. CanGo has been recognized as one of the fastest growing small business in the Hudson Val ley. Constant interest in research and improving company. As we can see that CanGo is always looking for something new, they are always trying to beat their competitors, they are constantly trying to improve company, and find another way to be successful and gain profit.Weaknesses CanGo, Inc. has no vision or mission statement.Growth opportunities are imminent and the possibility to go public requires a clear vision and mission statement in order to understand their direction on the marketCanGo is lacking in management by objectives (MBO).The aim of MBO is to increase organizational performance by aligning goal and subordinate objectives throughout the organization.CanGo is missing a strategic management plan.A strategic approach will help CanGo build teamwork by developing commitment and trust; will strengthen the leadership team by aligning their goals with those of the CEO; and will move the organization from the current status quo to an organized environment with clear goal sett ing for the short and long term. to develop and maintain a viable fit between their objectives, resources, and opportunitiesNeed for systems analysis and programmer.The marketing department must focus and apply their expertise and support in the areas of market intelligence and strategic business planning.OpportunitiesDeveloping an in-house database that is incorporates into an automated storage and retrieval system ASRS. An automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) is a great resolution for CanGo’s inventory usage.Opportunities also exist in the Asia Pacific region for online sales. Company has to keep an eye on the future opportunities and possible consumers. The region could be their next step ahead to become a continental corporation. Updating the website to incorporate some of the marketing ideas found to be relevant in the recent research analysis project.Threats CanGo needs to expand its operating capacity to continue its’ growth. If they stay the same there won’t be growth, so in order to become more profitable, beneficial, and successful company they need to increase their productivity.Management must develop a strategic management plan. The purpose of the strategic marketing plan is to fit between the organization’s objectives and resources and its changing market opportunities so it is beneficial for the company. CanGo could potentially have employee retention problems. It is the responsibility of the CEO to ensure equal opportunity for all employees, adequate compensation packages, fair performance evaluation processes and career development programs for employees.Lack of capital for necessary growth needs. Lack of money and cost of ASRS system. Company needs to have funds to change or improve warehouse. When expanding into a new market CanGo needs to understand and take into account trends that are in the industry and account for them when doing any sort of planning.

Academic development Essay

Continuing education is always a means of empowering oneself towards being able to offer more as a professional and as an individual sincere in making a difference in this world. In this era of technology and modernization many young people become immediately satisfied with the monetary benefits of a college or a master’s degree and only few see the value in aiming for a doctor’s degree. Personally, I believe that many of these young people are correct in saying that even with a college and master’s degree economic benefits can already tide one over the laps of luxury because the world is in need of technology experts and specialists. However, I also consider pursuing a doctor’s degree in the spirit of paying it forward. While I already have a masters degree and can easily enrich myself economically, I am at the point in my life where I am more concerned with what I can give to society and the world, and not with what I can take from it. I am a dynamic and detail-oriented young professional aiming for more opportunities to be able to change and make the world a better place for all of us. I used to work at the Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City where I was recognized by the management as a professional and dedicated employee. See more:  Manifest Destiny essay I earned my bachelor’s degree in Computer and Information Sciences from the King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 2007 after which I immediately proceeded to earn my Masters Degree in the Science in Management Information Systems from the University of Surrey in the United Kingdom. This particular master’s degree had special focus on Business Process Management based on the SAP System, Strategic Information Management, Information Systems Development, and Financial Management. My dedication and diligence in my academics paid off as I graduated from my master’s degree with Merit. Now, I seek to proceed and earn my doctors degree to finally seal my educational journey and become more capable of making significant contributions to the field of information technology. My experience in the field is varied. I personally handled and conducted demonstrations on a new ERP project for automating HR processes in a 400-bed rehabilitation hospital & medical center. This particular project helped the beneficiaries of the project a lot and it made me feel contented with being able to extend my technical knowledge in the service of others. In terms of knowledge transference, I was also involved in presentations on Tesco electronic channels as well as electronic commerce and ERP systems. I always feel like I am doing something important when I am able to share knowledge with other people and enable beneficiaries to appreciate the importance of technology. I am also an advocate of improved government systems as well as the enhancement of basic services. In the past years, I have completed a dissertation on E-Government, titled, â€Å"Evaluating User Acceptance of Electronic Government in Saudi Arabia†. In keeping with my advocacies, I have also written critical analyses on business comparisons for Dell and EasyJet Airlines and BMW’s recession strategy. To add to these, I have composed reports on the use of SAP in the ERP system of Porsche as well as on artificial intelligence and operating system security. All these I did in the spirit of making basic services more efficient and more user-friendly. I have also collected requirements during strategic meetings with HR and finance senior managers, built plans to improve business processes with automation, facilitated re-engineering business processes for a new ERP system implementation for finance and human resources, and created an education institute website with a team; wrote an evaluation report. On the outset, I do not consider what I have done as academic, professional, or personal achievements because I am more concerned with the changes that I am able to effect. In all these things, I had in tow my acquired excellent communication and human relations skills which I found very useful especially in explaining technological innovations to my clients and beneficiaries in very simple and understandable terms. Apart from being diligent in trying to improve myself my true passion is in seeing the changes that I effect significantly influence the organizations that I have worked for and with. My doctor’s degree will therefore help me do more of what I had already been doing and build my capacities more in my advocacy of seeing better governments and improved basic services. The ultimate beneficiaries of all these are of course the public at large who are at the end of the receiving chain. So, while pursuing a doctor’s degree is in fact a means of academic development, I view it as an opportunity for each of us to improve ourselves with the focus of improving the lives of others. At a time when technology is almost everywhere and when technology seems to be the basis for many of our daily activities, it is very important that each individual acquire a deeper and richer appreciation for technological innovations and advancements which are instrumental not only in making our lives convenient but also in raising the standard of living for society. It would be my great pride to be part of the wave of technology that is currently sweeping all over the globe. I am confident that with a doctor’s degree I would be able to leave behind a legacy of difference with all the people who have benefitted from my tutelage as well as with all those who enjoy the conveniences of technology in areas where technology was previously unheard of. My desire to pursue my doctor’s degree is done in the sincere dedication to the welfare of all and to the advancement of technology in the service of man.

How to Grow Aragonite Crystals

How to Grow Aragonite Crystals Its easy to grow aragonite crystals! These sparkly crystals only require vinegar and a rock. Growing crystals is a fun way to learn about geology and chemistry. Materials To Grow Aragonite Crystals You only need two materials for this project: Dolomite rocksHousehold vinegar Dolomite is a common mineral. It is the basis for dolomite clay, which should also work for crystals, but if you grow them on a rock you get a beautiful mineral specimen. If you use clay, you might want to include another rock or a sponge as a base or substrate to support crystal growth. You can find the rocks at a store or online or you can play rockhound and collect them yourself. How To Grow the Crystals This is one of the easiest crystal-growing projects. Basically, you just soak the rock in vinegar. However, here are a couple of tips for the best crystals: If your rock is dirty, rinse it off and let it dry.Place a rock in a small container. Ideally, it will be slightly bigger than the rock, so you dont have to use a lot of vinegar. Its okay if the rock sticks out of the top of the container.Pour vinegar around the rock. Make sure you leave an exposed space at the top. The crystals will start to grow at the liquid line.As the vinegar evaporates, aragonite crystals will start to grow. Youll start to see the first crystals in a day. Depending on temperature and humidity, you should start to see really good growth around 5 days. It may take up to 2 weeks for the vinegar to completely evaporate and produce crystals as big as possible.You can remove the rock from the liquid whenever you are satisfied with the appearance of the aragonite crystals. Handle them carefully, as they will be brittle and fragile. What Is Aragonite? Dolomite is the source of the minerals used to grow the aragonite crystals. Dolomite is a sedimentary rock often found along the shores of ancient oceans. Aragonite is a form of calcium carbonate. Aragonite is found in hot mineral springs and in some caves. Another calcium carbonate mineral is calcite. Aragonite sometimes crystallizes into calcite. Aragonite and calcite crystals are chemically identically, but aragonite forms orthorhombic crystals, while calcite displays trigonal crystals. Pearls and mother of pearl are other forms of calcium carbonate.

Free Essays on The Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence is considered one of the most important documents in world history because its effects were felt around the world and not only in its place of origin, the United States. While blacks used context from the declaration to challenge slavery in the United States, the French used its ideals to start their own revolution. The Declaration of Independence can be seen to be one of the few documents that had a profound impact on the world, and this can be easily seen because of the changes it brought forth. The Declaration of Independence was a document made by several delegates of the U.S. in 1776. It was simply made as a document that declared the independence of the 13 British colonies in America. On July 4, 1776 the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration after a few changes were made to it. Even though the Declaration’s main purpose was to declare the colonies independent, there were many other ideas the declaration addressed. There are many important abstractions in the Declaration of Independence. These abstractions such as: rights, freedom, liberty and happiness have become the foundations of American society and have helped shape the â€Å"American identity†. Power, another abstraction that reoccurs in all major parts of the Declaration plays equally important role in shaping the â€Å"American identity†. Even though power is addressed very indirectly in the declaration its existence is still valued. All of these important abstractions collectively have led to major changes in the world. A very simple phrase: â€Å"all men are created equal† which is included in the Declaration of Independence was quickly used by blacks in the U.S. to question slavery. They wondered if all men were indeed created equal then how could one man own another man. â€Å"The ideal of equity led Northern states to free slaves within their borders in the 1780s, 1790s and 1800s†. (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000). The ... Free Essays on The Declaration of Independence Free Essays on The Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence Many people know famous lines from the Declaration of Independence such as â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but what many people do not know is that these lines are the result of revisions that were made to the original Declaration. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration in June of 1776, but over a one-month period the document was revised and about eighty-six changes had been made to the original copy. Only after these changes were made did Congress accept and pass the Declaration of Independence, on July 4th of 1776, which announced and justified the separation of the 13 colonies from Great Britain. There were a number of additions, deletions, and changes of wording that were made to the document. Of these changes was the deletion of an entire passage about slavery. The passage read as follows: He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating and carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither. This piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the CHRISTIAN king of Great Britain, determined to keep open a market where MEN should be bought and sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce: and that his assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished die, he is now exiting those very people to rise in arms among us, and to purchase that liberty of which he has denied them, and murdering the people upon whom he also obtruded them; thus paying off former crimes committed against the liberties of one people, with crimes which he urges them to commit against the lives of ano ther. Deleting this passage from the Declaration of Independence had a ... Free Essays on The Declaration Of Independence The Declaration of Independence is considered one of the most important documents in world history because its effects were felt around the world and not only in its place of origin, the United States. While blacks used context from the declaration to challenge slavery in the United States, the French used its ideals to start their own revolution. The Declaration of Independence can be seen to be one of the few documents that had a profound impact on the world, and this can be easily seen because of the changes it brought forth. The Declaration of Independence was a document made by several delegates of the U.S. in 1776. It was simply made as a document that declared the independence of the 13 British colonies in America. On July 4, 1776 the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration after a few changes were made to it. Even though the Declaration’s main purpose was to declare the colonies independent, there were many other ideas the declaration addressed. There are many important abstractions in the Declaration of Independence. These abstractions such as: rights, freedom, liberty and happiness have become the foundations of American society and have helped shape the â€Å"American identity†. Power, another abstraction that reoccurs in all major parts of the Declaration plays equally important role in shaping the â€Å"American identity†. Even though power is addressed very indirectly in the declaration its existence is still valued. All of these important abstractions collectively have led to major changes in the world. A very simple phrase: â€Å"all men are created equal† which is included in the Declaration of Independence was quickly used by blacks in the U.S. to question slavery. They wondered if all men were indeed created equal then how could one man own another man. â€Å"The ideal of equity led Northern states to free slaves within their borders in the 1780s, 1790s and 1800s†. (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000). The ... Free Essays on The Declaration of Independence Many people know famous lines from the Declaration of Independence such as â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but what many people do not know is that these lines are the result of revisions that were made to the original Declaration. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration in June of 1776, but over a one-month period the document was revised and about eighty-six changes had been made to the original copy. Only after these changes were made did Congress accept and pass the Declaration of Independence, on July 4th of 1776, which announced and justified the separation of the 13 colonies from Great Britain. There were a number of additions, deletions, and changes of wording that were made to the document. Of these changes was the deletion of an entire passage about slavery. The passage read as follows: He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating and carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither. This piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the CHRISTIAN king of Great Britain, determined to keep open a market where MEN should be bought and sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce: and that his assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished die, he is now exiting those very people to rise in arms among us, and to purchase that liberty of which he has denied them, and murdering the people upon whom he also obtruded them; thus paying off former crimes committed against the liberties of one people, with crimes which he urges them to commit against the lives of ano ther. Deleting this passage from the Declaration of Independence had a great impact on United States histo...

The French-Indian War in America

The French-Indian War in America The French-Indian War was fought between Britain and  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹France, along with their respective colonists and allied Indian groups, for control of land in North America. Occurring from 1754 to 1763, it helped trigger – and then formed part of ​the Seven Years War. It has also been called the fourth French-Indian war, because of three other early struggles involving Britain, France, and Indians. Historian Fred Anderson has called it the â€Å"most important event in eighteenth-century North America†. (Anderson, ​​The Crucible of War, p. xv).​ Note Recent histories, such as Anderson and Marston, still refer to the native peoples as ‘Indians’ and this article has followed suit. No disrespect is intended. Origins The age of European overseas conquest had left Britain and France with ​territory in North America. Britain had the ‘Thirteen Colonies’, plus Nova Scotia, while France ruled a vast area named ‘New France’. Both had frontiers which pushed against each other. There had been several wars between the two empires in the years preceding the French-Indian war – King William’s War of 1689–97, Queen Anne’s War of 1702-13 and  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹King George’s War of 1744 – 48, all American aspects of European wars – and tensions remained. By 1754 Britain controlled nearly one and a half million colonists, France around only 75,000 and expansion was pushing the two closer together, increasing the stress. The essential argument behind the war was which nation would dominate the area? In the 1750s tensions rose, especially in the Ohio River Valley and Nova Scotia. In the latter, where both sides claimed large areas, the French had built what the British considered illegal forts and had worked to incite French-speaking colonists to insurrection against their British rulers. The Ohio River Valley The Ohio River Valley was considered a rich source for the colonists and strategically vital because the French needed it for effective communications between the two halves of their American empire. As Iroquois influence in the region declined, Britain tried to use it for trade, but France began building forts and evicting the British. In 1754 Britain decided to build a fort at the forks of the river Ohio, and they sent a 23-year-old Lieutenant Colonel of the Virginian militia with a force to protect it. He was George Washington. French forces seized the fort before Washington arrived, but he carried on, ambushing a French detachment, killing French Ensign Jumonville. After trying to fortify and receiving limited reinforcements, Washington was defeated by a French and Indian attack led by Jumonville’s brother and had to retreat out of the valley. Britain responded to this failure by sending regular troops to the thirteen colonies to supplement their own forces and, while a formal declaration didn’t happen until 1756, war had begun. British Reverses, British Victory Fighting took place around the Ohio River Valley and Pennsylvania, around New York and Lakes George and Champlain, and in Canada around Nova Scotia, Quebec and Cape Breton. (Marston, The French Indian War, p. 27). Both sides used regular troops from Europe, colonial forces, and Indians. Britain initially fared badly, despite having many more colonists on the ground. French forces showed a much better understanding of the type of warfare North America required, where the heavily forested regions favored irregular/light troops, although French commander Montcalm was skeptical of non-European methods, but used them out of necessity. Britain adapted as the war progressed, lessons from early defeats leading to reforms. Britain was helped by the leadership of William Pitt, who further prioritized the war in America when France began to focus resources on war in Europe, trying for targets in the Old World to use as bargaining chips in the New. Pitt also gave some autonomy back to the colonists and began to treat them on an equal footing, which increased their co-operation. The British could marshal superior resources against a France wracked with financial problems, and the British navy mounted successful blockades and, after the Battle of Quiberon Bay on November 20th, 1759, shattered France’s ability to operate in the Atlantic. Growing British success and a handful of canny negotiators, who managed to deal with the Indians on a neutral footing despite the prejudices of the British command, lead to Indians siding with the British. Victories were won, including the Battle of the Plains of Abraham where the commanders of both sides – the British Wolfe and the French Montcalm – were killed, and France defeated. The Treaty of Paris The French Indian War effectively ended with the surrender of Montreal in 1760, but warfare elsewhere in the world prevented a peace treaty being signed until 1763. This was the Treaty of Paris between Britain, France, and Spain. France handed over all its North American territory east of the Mississippi, including the Ohio River Valley, and Canada. Meanwhile, France also had to give the Louisiana territory and New Orleans to Spain, who gave Britain Florida, in return for getting Havana back. There was opposition to this treaty in Britain, with groups wanting the West Indies sugar trade from France rather than Canada. Meanwhile, Indian anger over British actions in post-war America led to an uprising called Pontiac’s Rebellion. Consequences Britain, by any count, won the French-Indian war. But in doing so it had altered and further pressurized its relationship with its colonists, with tensions arising from the numbers of troops Britain had tried to call upon during the war, as well as the reimbursement of war costs and the way Britain handled the whole affair. In addition, Britain had incurred greater yearly expenditure on garrisoning an enlarged area, and it tried to recoup some of these debts by greater taxes on the colonists. Within twelve years the Anglo-Colonist relationship had collapsed to the point where the colonists rebelled and, aided by a France eager to upset its great rival once more, fought the American War of Independence. The colonists, in particular, had gained great experience of fighting in America.